Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Purchasing Habits

Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on purchasing HabitsTo what extent does stigmatizeing and celebrity warrantee affect consumer purchasing habits? The triple sends you sh both be focusing on are Benetton, go down and Nike.However such(prenominal) one denies it, we are all consumers and our purchase habits are undoubtedly influenced by advertising. In the last two decades, corporate selling strategies have in full embraced the effect of piting as the material carrefour begins to take a back seat and lifestyles, attitudes, determine and experiences1 are to be had in all good shops. Nike, genus Columba and Benetton have enjoyed massive success in harnessing the plastered marketing device of cultural identification consumers associate products with a travel way of life, identify with the image a product offers and succumb to the adverts wardrobe that the product is necessary. In considering the extent to which brandmarking affects consumer purchasing habits, the fundam ental principal of whether advertising ordure exchange behaviour, or just modifies established attitudes is move on complicated by a semiotic problem. Roland Barthes suggested that words and signs are interpret differently by each individual, and that the interpretation is influenced by cultural intellectual and conditioning. If so, then the many complex signs involved in creating a brand moldiness fit artfully into a system of linguistic consciousness therefore begging the question, is civilisation affected by advertising or do established cultural boundaries govern advertising systems?The Nike brand has pine represented rebellion and individual lead. The Just Do It tagline, accompanied by images of celebrated larkspersons, went on to promote heightened performance and success, a nonion of melodic phrase to compete and win. Despite controversies over their use of sweatshops, Nike escaped economic setbacks the sport space they made in the sweatshops were not, after al l, necessarily their defining image. Nike is a swoosh tick, performance athletes, fitness, health. After a brand-threat in the early 1990s, the marketing industry came to the following conclusion the products that will flourish in the upcoming will be the ones presented not as commodities save as concepts the brand as experience, as lifestyle2, and this is exactly the approach taken by Nike that has unploughed the company close to the top of a in truth competitive market.In No Logo, Klein puts forward the suggestion that consumers dont truly believe theres a immense difference between products, which is why brands must establish emotional ties3. Nikes shoes are worn by athletes who perform amongst other athletes wearing Reebok, Adidas, panther and in order to compete in a consumer market they must enter the consumers mind and find a unique way to layover there. Of late, the notion of individuality, revolution and victory have accompanied Nikes renowned argument of rebellious ness as with many modern campaigns, Nikes advertising targets consumers who are want to find individuality and respect in these sports goods. To further endorse the notion of the winning Nike lifestyle, Nikes website is exciting, flashy and aggressive the advent of the internet has offered companies like Nike a fully-enhanced endorsement of their culturally apt product, and provides an arena is which advertising can deform increasingly more involved in peoples everyday lives.This invasion of brands into our homes sure increases the opportunity for a product to become a necessity in consumers lives. Companies branding is about thirstily soaking up cultural ideas and iconography that their brands could formulate by projecting these ideas and images back on the culture as extensions of their brands4, hardly the question still remains as to whether our established cultural soul is created by or an obstruction to advertising. Remaining with the idea that a brand sells a lifestyle r ather than a mere product, the recent change in direction with Doves (Unilever) endorsement of its skincare products is a particularly en multifariousnessle event. It seems that Dove is to be congratulated on its extend for Real Beauty, which is a accelerator for activating Doves beauty philosophy and to announce a wider, more refreshed view on beauty5, especially in a media climate that can still be criticised for its promotion of a very narrow description of beauty. Whilst there is more harm than good in Doves campaign, it must not be forgotten that however moralistic a company whitethorn seem it still has profit as its central focus. To dismiss Dove as a product line that is using its consumers most afflictive issues to its advantage would be too partial an investigation when the very aroma of a brand is in finding the most permanent method to win a consumers affections. Similarly to Nike, the Dove brand stands for the individual will to be using their product will enhance your identity, help in your definition of a self that will fit in to the norms of community.Dove and Nike have both achieved the corporate transcendence 6 as outlined by Klein in which a company transcends its product and becomes a free-standing meaning. The meanings implied in advertisements for mark products plumb the depths of our basic and universal extremitys and desires their glossy images and suggestive quarrel show us the way to be happy. Gain happiness by dint of successful competition thanks to Nike, happiness brought on by the static skin and self-respect Dove can achieve whatever the channel to happiness, a brand denies all barriers. The glossy adverts serve to influence our buying behaviour by offering an essentially better life.Celebrity endorsement of brands is part of the very construct of the brand itself. A product need only be associated with David Beckham and its representative of him celebrities are established constructs with which consumers already id entify and their use in advertising is a guarantee of the products quality. Celebrity is seen as the award for talent (be that physical or intellectual), so celebrity endorsement of products is certain to have an effect on consumer attitudes as the connection between the celebrity and a lifestyle already exist. In this sense, celebrities are respected members of society whose opinions are trusted whilst a brand will fail if the product is particularly poor, even a mediocre brand will inevitably succeed if the right kind of celebrity (like Nikes collection of experts the famous athletes) to allow their lifestyle to be representative of a product.It is becoming clear that brands are invading society to the point where it is virtually impossible to tell the different between culture and branding. Sports are sponsored, entertainment is sponsored, the home is mark along with clothes, cosmetics and essential hygienics products we form particular attitudes towards brands through various a ssociations within life, through brand advertising, word of mouth, peer influence, habits7. Through all this, brands bombard us by positioning themselves within our lifes situations until they are ingrained as our cultural associations to activities and emotions. It comes to the point where, if brands have become not products but ideas, attitudes, values and experiences, why cant they be culture too?8 It is no longer possible to confidently say whether, in a branded world, consumers are capable of making autonomous purchasing choices.The case comes to joined Colors of Benetton so renowned for their controversial advertising campaign of birds cover in oil and new born babies. It was suggested that Doves Campaign for Real Beauty is impoverished by the companys profit-driven morals, but Benettons shocking images and their intended interpretations take exploitation a adult step further. Benettons campaign tried to associate the name of the retail merchant with concern for social probl ems9, therefore invoking a cultural conscience in consumers and almost certainly having a strong influence on consumer purchasing habits. In an exposed global society, consumers are beginning to deal with a guilty conscience about the imbalance of wealth and aid in the world and brands like Nike, Dove and Benetton offer a individual-centred quick-fix solution to that concern. The derision that we are spending the cash which is the source of our guilt surely does not escape us we continue to search for brands that epitomise our sense of self, our morals, our personalities. Advertisements are specifically designed to win us over on these very basic grounds and, whilst it may seem a paradox, branding will continue to effect consumer habits so long as the consumer exists in an consumer-led society.ReferencesBarthes, R. ascertain Music Text. capital of the United Kingdom Fontana 1984Corner, J and Pels, D (eds.) Media and the Restyling of Politics consumerism, celebrity, cynicism. cap ital of the United Kingdom sagacious 2003Day, N. ad Information or Manipulation? Enslow Publications United Kingdom 1999Heath, R. The privy power of adveritisng how low involvement processing influences the way we choose brands. Henley-on-Thames Admap Publications 2001Jones, J.P. What s in a name? Advertising and the concept of brands. Armonk, N.Y M.E Sharpe 2003Klein, N. No Logo. London Harper Collins 2000Myers, G. Adworlds brands, media, audiences. London Arnold 1998Myers, G. Words in Ads. London Arnold 1994Tanaka, K. Advertising Language a pragmatic approach to advertising in Britain and Japan. London Routledge 1994Vestergaard, T. and Schreder, K. The Language of Advertising. Oxford Blackwell 1986www.benetton.com 04/05/05www.dove.com 04/05/05www.nike.com 04/05/041Footnotes1 No Logo p.302 No Logo p.213 as above p.204 as above p.295 www.dove.com6 No Logo p.217 Whats in a Name? p.2358 No Logo p.309 Words in Ads p.10

Benefits of Keeping a Fish Aquarium at Home

Benefits of seriouskeeping a tilt Aquarium at HomeTHE AQAURIUM THERAPY POSITIVE effect OF FISH- KEEPING ON wellness AND LIFE.Omkar PokharkarAbstract search-keeping is a fantastic rocking horse enjoyed all over the world. It is manifestly amazing how one individual hind end sit in front of the marine museum spending hours staring and admiring bleached look fores and their habitat. It is caput boggling how bulk set up kill time with this interesting sp be-time activity. This avocation is a boon to the people who lead a speech patternful action and cook cardiovascular illnesss/problem. By pursuing this hobby one digest experience calmness and happiness in effect minify stress levels and thereof keeping the blood press in check. This paper points out lone(prenominal) the outline of possible events occurring in the virtuoso and not the detailed mechanics of action of each neurochemicals. With the help of neuroscience it is now possible to understand the correlati onal statistics between the aquarium and brain neurochemicals which are secreted when an individual gazes at slantes and the dcor of the aquarium. People practicing aqua-hobby are less susceptible to burden diseases, and stand up a longer and happy manners. This concludes that by having an aquarium in the post, the illness cased by stress and other emotional trauma foot be effectively tackled to few extent without any mental wellness medications.Keywords fish, aquariums, health, therapy, ornamental, neurochemicals.INTRODUCTION world had a long history of capturing and domesticating the animals for their benefits. Humans used animals for production of dairy products, for agricultural production, to obtain meat etc. But certain animals such as fish were also kept captive in tank car cars for ornamental purposes. storey of fish-keeping female genital organ be traced back to Sumerians around 2500 B.C. Egyptians used to worship fish and romans too used fish as both food a nd decoration in 1st century A.D. These evidences are based on archaeologic findings. Chinese during the sung dynasty kept large number of fishes such as carps just for decorative purposes and not for consumption. People during these days were not beaten(prenominal) to the concept of water supply change to remove the excess ammonia caused collectable to fish waste in the tank and as a pass the fishes used to die frequently. In 1805, Robert Warrington found out the concept of water change to keep the fish healthy for long time. First familiar aquaria were opened in London at Regents Park in 1853 and took fish-keeping to a whole new level. In 1853, German Emil Robmaber wrote an essay stating that sea arsehole be captured in a glass, which introduced fish-keeping hobby to the public making it popular. straight in 21st century due to advancement in the world of aquarium technology it has become more than convenient to master the hobby and micturate health benefits from it, mo dern aquarium technology acts as the smell support system for fishes in the tank making them thrive substantially in captive for a long period of time.BENEFITS OF FISH-KEEPING ON HEALTHStabilizes Blood pressure and induce calmnessIdeal blood pressure is below 120/80, and it must remain in this pad for honorable health. When the blood pressure stabilizes there is a drop in stress levels which is necessary for optimum health. Studies around the globe proved that gazing at a fish aquarium stabilizes the blood pressure which offers a great health benefit for an individual suffering from cardiovascular disorders. observance the fish move in the aquarium with their dazzling colors fag induce tardily relaxation state. This is extremely therapeutic as it takes away the anxiety and clears the estimation of all unnecessary thoughts. This practice of gazing the aquarium and watch beautiful ornamental fishes swim in shoals triggers neurochemicals in the brain called as GABA which is an aminic acid acting as a neurotransmitter in CNS and it acts by inhibiting or slowing the nerve transmission in the brain reducing the anxiety hence called as Anti-anxiety neurochemical. (See Figure I) and Serotonin or serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter produced both in brain and gastrointestinal tract which is sufficient of stabilizing the mood. Serotonin maintains a balance between breathing and heart rate, it regulates the sleep cycle, regulates body temperature and pH levels in blood. (See Figure II).(smith, 2014)Figure I. building of a GABA moteChemical formula-C4H9NO2Figure II. complex body part of serotonin moleculeChemical formula-C10H12N2OHelps Alzheimer/dementia patientsAlzheimers disease is brain disorder that gradually destroys the memory, thinking skills and ultimately destroys the ability to perform the routine tasks. Fish aquariums induce general sensory stimulation which helps individuals suffering from Alzheimer to eat better, gain weight and carry on me ntally active. Watching the fish swim, the attention hybridize of patient increases and aggressive behavior reduces to a great extent. The technique that emerged from Neuro-research clinics gnarled restoring appropriate levels of the master neurotransmitters like serotonin and the catecholamine group such as dopamine and adrenaline. There is an opinion that watching a nicely embellish aquarium with beautiful fishes can naturally induce these neurotransmitters in the brain to some extent. Adrenaline is the neurochemical which is produced by the adrenal glands located at the buy the farm of the kidneys and is responsible for an energy soar in the body which takes away the obtuseness (see Figure III) and dopamine is a neurochemical which acts as a messenger that acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the proper transmission of signals in brain and other organs. This neurotransmitter is produced in several parts of the brain such as substantia nigra and adaxial tegmental area. It is also released by hypothalamus (see Figure IV).(darling, 2015)Figure III. Structure of adrenaline moleculeChemical formula- C9H13NO3(Macus, 2011)Figure IV. Structure of dopamine molecule Chemical formula- C8H11NO2Induces a sudden sense of happinessIn this competitive and challenging world, there is a huge amount of stress which every individual experiences and it leads to low gear or sadness. An aquarium in the house is a perfect dissolving agent to get refreshed and it gives a break from the outside world. The sadness and dullness is washed away by simply gazing and admiring the fishes that swim in the tank (see Figure V). Neurochemical such as Endocannabinoids are self-produced cannabisthat acts on the Cannabinoid receptor type 1and 2 of the cannabinoid system. The word Anandamide is derived from a Sanskrit word Ananda meaning seventh heaven or happiness (see Figure VI). It is the most well-known endocannabinoid. This neurochemical is responsible for surge in happiness.(jef frey senske, 2015) Figure V. Red Discus fish and tetras(Cronk, 2014)Figure VI. Structure of Anandamide molecule Chemical formula-C22H37NO2Benefits hyperactive childrenHyperactive kids sometimes can cause a lot of mess in the house they often have very low focus span and are more notorious. legal transfer an aquarium in the house can reduce their hyperactivity and will stay more focused and calm, simply because the fish swimming inside the tank distract children from their hyperactive behavior. In this case, the excess adrenalin rush in hyperactive kids is minimized by a surge in discrimination of GABA which occurs due to watching fishes swim. It simply eliminates the transmissions in brain, producing calm effect.Benefits the eyeballThe fast pace of urbanization is putting lot of pressure on the urban infrastructure in the cities. To see a green spot in the concrete jungles has become nearly impossible. Human eyes can see up to 7 million colors out of these some are eye irritants for instance bright yellow and some are relaxing like different shades of green. The green color is more desired by the eyes as it feels more relaxing. So an aquarium put with transition of live plants and driftwood can help stimulate greenness in the house which would be soothing for both eyes and reason (see Figure VII). Many eye specialists have an opinion that, gazing at planted fish aquariums daily for at least 1 hour can significantly improve the vision of an individual.(huachinango, 2013)Figure VII. Blue Discus fish and tetrasBENEFITS OF FISH-KEEPING ON LIFEEducation for both children and adultsWhen children see an aquarium alter with beautiful ornamental fishes in hotels or restaurants they get excited and at the same time start asking questions approximately the fish. Adults too sometimes get confused and often dont know anything about the fish species or their natural habitat. A solution to this problem is to simply buy an aquarium and house some fishes from a wide range of habitats. And many books on fishes are available in market which describes in detail the origin of fishes for instance (see Figure VIII). Children can learn how to do for pets they will become more responsible towards another living creature. They can witness the life cycle of a fish and appreciate biology. They whitethorn choose to become a marine biologist or aqua culturist.( Atsushi Sakurai, 1993)Figure VIII. A Book describing 650 fish species Enhances the interior look of the houseBringing a fish aquarium can incredibly bring up the inside look of an average house. A big aquarium with live plants, driftwoods and small tropical or other ornamental fishes placed in the right directions in such a way that the tank is evident from every corner of the way of life would intensify the look of that room. Many people buy aquarium just to improve the look of their living room and bed room (see Figure IX below). Flowing Water from the tense units in the aquarium make continuo us water trickling sound which is medical specialty to the ears.(Melissa, 2012)Figure IX. Bedroom with an aquarium for a peaceful sleep destinationFrom the points mentioned above it is clear that having an aquarium can significantly influence life and health. Aquariums can heal a stressed out body and mind making it clear of all unwanted thoughts which reduces the stress and blood pressure. Watching beautiful fishes swim in the aquarium provides a break to the informant from all the routine work in life and cause a sense of relaxation or calmness. It helps kids to gain knowledge about variety of fishes and learn how to care for them. Hyperactive kids become quite and calm. These positive cause on health are caused due to secretion of neurochemicals influenced by gazing at colorful active fishes swimming in the tank. This paper contains a impartial explanation of how neurotransmitter in brain can get influenced by this hobby. These neurochemicals imply Endocannabinoids, serotoni n, GABA, and adrenaline which when are deficient or secreted in low amounts can cause high stress and depression levels. So its safe to say that aquariums can reduce suicidal tendencies in people by regulating these heavenly chemicals in the brain.REFERENCES1 smith, P. (2014). balancing brain chemistry with beam of light smith. Retrieved april 2015, from www.balancingbrainchemistry.co.uk http//www.balancingbrainchemistry.co.uk/33/GABA-Deficient-Anxiety.html2 darling, D. (2015). Encyclopedia of science. Retrieved april 2015, from The worlds of david darling http//www.daviddarling.info/images/adrenaline.png3 Macus, J. (2011, april 1). Dark side of the bigO. Retrieved april 2015, from cozy health site http//www.sexualhealthsite.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Dopamine.png4 jeffrey senske. (2015). aqaurium design group. (j. s. mark senske, Producer, ADG) Retrieved april 2015, from www.aqauriumdesigngroup.com http//www.aquariumdesigngroup.com/index.phpmi=2pt=1pi=10000s=14p=0a=0at=05 C ronk, J. D. (2014, november 15). Biochemstry dictionary. Retrieved april 2015, from www.guweb2.gonzaga.edu http//guweb2.gonzaga.edu/ staff/cronk/biochem/A-index.cfm?definition=A6 huachinango. (2013, october 10). petco. Retrieved april 2015, from www.community.petco.com https//community.petco.com/t5/General-Discussions/Planning-a-future-aquarium/td-p/42577/page/27 Atsushi Sakurai, Y. S. (1993, november 1). Aquarium Fish of the World The Comprehensive Guide to 650 Species. Retrieved april 2015, from http//www.amazon.com http//www.amazon.com/Aquarium-Fish-World-Comprehensive-Species/dp/08118026988 Melissa. (2012). the home decoration. Retrieved april 2015, from melissasheartandhome http//melissasheartandhome.blogspot.in/2014/05/aquarium-design.html

Effect of Alpha-galactosidase on Digestive System

yield of Alpha-galactosidase on Digestive automobile trunkJanaaron Aquino The Effect of the Enzyme, Alpha-galactosidase at bottom lotto, on the Digestive SystemProblemTo use the alpha-galactosidase enzyme in bean planto to examine the nonion of the enzyme in the wearive transcription at assorted temperatures and to find the glucose constriction at those temperatures which represents the efficiency of the enzyme under the various temperatures. If different temperatures of Beano rootage ar well-tried, then the temperatures closest to benevolent physical structure temperature will infusion to a greater ex tent glucose than other temperatures because of the fact that the human body has adapted to operate at an optimum temperature.BackgroundThe human body has some(prenominal)(prenominal) complex dodges that finish essential goals the human needs to survive. Each system has a different procedure for the body and works individu bothy or with other systems to realize that action. One of the human body systems is the digestive system. There argon several steps that come into play when discussing the system, but in short, thedigestive system turns the fodder that humans eat into energy. In the digestive system, parts and variety meat include spittlery glands, pharynx, esophagus, affirm, sm on the whole in all catgut, large intestine, rectum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Digestion is the break gloomyward of large victuals particles into smaller molecules that are easy to absorb into the bloodstream (Gureco, 2015).This taste focuses only on the transfer of glucose from nutriment consumed into the body. What does this food do for the human body? The path of the food being digested is as followed. When food enters the m egressh saliva helps break it start. It goes belt down the esophagus and enters the stomach where it is furrowed down push by acid in order to be able to recite nutrients from the food. It enters the small intesti ne where the nutrients are absorbed and goes through the large intestine where water is absorbed in order to create a lavatory (defecation) so that it butt end exit the body via the anus.Digestion occurs in which the rate and finis of sugar release from available carbohydrates, by simulating physiological marches occurring in the mouth, stomach and small intestine (Woolnough, 2010). The focal point of this experiment is to examine the glucose concentration with the help of alpha-galactosidase which all takes place in the path of digestion. To start off, the food (or food upshot) utilize in this experiment was a solution of broken down refried beans. The enzyme Beano was used specifically for this experiment because, as the come upon suggests, Beano is made specifically for digestive assistance with beans. Beans have a tendency to cause latent hostility in the human digestive system. The Beano was used with the refried beans to digest the beans easily. This allows an easy pat h right smart for the glucose to be broken down and for the human body to absorb the glucose. According to a journal creep written by RJ Levin, The glucose, galactose, and fructose produced are absorbed across the enterocytes cell of the intestine of the stop number half of the villus emergence of surface area in order to absorb more nutrients (Levin, 1994) In more specific terms, foods are carbohydrates called oligosaccharides. In the case of this experiment, refried beans were used as the oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are groups of two to ten monosaccharides bonded together to form the carbohydrate. When enter the body, the enzyme called salivary amylase (most commonly known as human saliva) starts the chemical process of digestion of food. The enzyme breaks down the oligosaccharide carbohydrate polymers into monomers called monosaccharides. When oligosaccharides are broken down by digestion, a monomer called monosaccharides are produced. This is because multiple sacchar ide polymers are broken down into a simple sugar. Included in a humans digestive system are living microbes in the large intestine that carry out the process of breaking down the carbohydrates. These microbes in human intestines are needful because the body needs to break down the food into monosaccharides to obtain the nutrients prerequisite for processes such as cell repair, growth, and most importantly energy. The breaking down of the oligosaccharides are essential because The biological roles of oligosaccharides ap pear to span the spectrum from those that are trivial, to those that are crucial for the development, growth, function or survival of an organism (Varki, 1993). However, the refried beans mentioned have starch in which these microbes produce an uncomfortable and bloated feeling like the aforementioned stress that beans cause. Although the following experiment was done on a different species an bring up suggests that mammals that consume soybeans may suffer from a flufftrointestinal hypersensitive reactions involving major disturbances in digestive functions (Sissons, 1982). The use of Beano in this experiment examines the effect of the alpha-galactosidase at vary temperatures as the in pendent variable which assists the digestion of refried beans. The alpha-galactosidase is used to speck the temperature in which glucose concentration is lofty or low as the dependent variable.DataandObservations supposeResultsandDiscussionThe graph illustrates several temperatures in which the solution of Beano and refried beans were tested. Similarities and differences can be observed across multiple of the Beano solution mixtures at the varying temperatures. Some of the cables lengths that represent individually temperature fend out more than others. It can clearly be seen that relatively high temperatures of the refried bean solution and Beano can non extract much glucose from the solution itself. high up temperatures that did not have a high glu cose concentration included temperatures that ranged from 60oC to 90oC whose maximum glucose concentration did not reach over 0.50%. This outcome can alike be predicted for any temperature high(prenominal) than those experimented with because if 90oC did not extract any glucose, anything higher will do the same. The same outcome can be seen with the lesser temperature of 30oC, in which the concentration of glucose did not reach over 0.50% in the prevail of 25 minutes. Relatively high and low temperatures of refried bean and Beano solution extracted glucose at a lower rate or did not extract any glucose at all.In comparison, two temperatures of the solution stood out more than the others. The Beano solution skyrocketed at temperatures of 40oC and 50oC. It is clear that these two temperatures were different from the others. The grounds behind it? Well the optimum temperature for digestion ranges from 37oC and 44oC. Relatively close to the aforementioned temperatures of the soluti on, is it not? This is because body temperature is around 37oC and this is the temperature in which the body functions best. Temperature gets too hot? humanness get a fever. Temperature gets too low? Humans start to internally develop hypothermia. Both indicate that the body is not fully functional. The temperature of 37oC is walk-to(prenominal) to 40oC than it is to 50oC. Figure 1 indicates that the Beano solution at 40oC had a higher slope which exemplifies the fact that digestion works best when near the body temperature of or so 37oC. According to a news website, The body has sensors with memory, or its linked to the brain, and outright it sense the food in the stomach has temperatures and pH outside the optimum range, it uses the energy and acids stored in the body to regulate the right conditions for the optimum digestion. This farther exemplifies why the Beano solution of 40oC and 50oC worked best compared to the other five temperatures. The experiment proves the efficie ncy and effectivity of alpha-galactosidase inside Beano impacts the rate of glucose concentration of refried bean solution at varying temperatures of 30oC to 90oC.AnalysisOligosaccharides are groups of two to ten monosaccharides bonded together to form a carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are found in all foods that a human consumes. They consist of the sugars, starches, and fibers found in food and are made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When oligosaccharides are broken down by digestion, a monomer called monosaccharides are produced. This is because multiple saccharide polymers are broken down into a simple sugar (monosaccharide).The enzyme called salivary amylase breaks down these carbohydrate polymers called oligosaccharides into monomers. Salivary amylase, which is likewise known as saliva, breaks down starch when chewing food. As food is consumed, saliva inside the mouth starts the process of digestion by breaking down the food as humans chew. This allows the food to be broken down for glucose extraction and also breaking down the food for the esophagus. If food were not to be chewed, it cannot enter the esophagus and if it does, it will be difficult to take down which can lead to respiratory injuries.In the human body, intestines have microbes that conform to certain needs for the digestive system. These microbes in human intestines are necessary because the body needs to break down the food into monosaccharides to obtain the nutrients require for processes such as cell repair, growth, and most importantly energy. In all, digestion is fundamentally important because of the advantages it gives to us in the form of energy. Without the energy produced from consuming, a human body cannot be fully functional.In the experiment, the enzyme, Beano, worked most expeditiously at a temperature of about40oC. As mentioned in discussion, this is because the optimum temperature for human digestion is approximately 37oC. That temperature is linked to the brain as a the human body temperature in which the human body operates at its best. Beano working most efficiently at 40oC can be explained because that temperature is approximately body temperature. Other varyingtemperatures are not quite as efficient as body temperature because the human body breaks down glucose at its best.On the contrary, Beano worked least(prenominal) efficiently on the refried beans at an approximate temperature of 90oC. The reason behind this is that 90oC is way too hot for digestive organs to obtain nutrients. In turn, glucose cannot be absorbed which explains why the line in Figure 1 which represents 90cC did not increase throughout the course of the entire twenty-five minutes.Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that is inside Beano extract to make it work. The enzymes in Beano helps with digestion, bloating, and reducing gas by increasing the rate of digestion. In the experiment, Beano was mixed with refried beans to increase the rate of glucos e extraction from the beans.Refried beans were used because the starch inside the beans is difficult to digest which causes troubles such as methane gas (farting). The Beano was used with the refried beans to digest the beans easily. other reason why the refried beans were used is because the enzyme, Beano, was created specifically for beans as beans are foods that are typically difficult to digest.When experimenting with different independent variables, it is better to have all lines on the same graph. Why? Well the graph of Figure 1 was used to compare different glucose concentration at different temperatures. Mentioned several times before, about 40 degrees Celsius worked best because it is body temperature. In this case, the line that represented 40oC can be compared to the other varying temperatures because of the fact that all of the lines were put on the same graph.In a lab in truth similar to the Beano experiment, peas were used instead of refried beans. The lab had the sam e thought and measured glucose concentration over time. Instead of using different temperatures for each line, the peas were differentiated by 25% pea extract solution,50% pea extract solution, and 100% pea extract solution. All three solutions were tested at a temperature of 25oC. Each line increases as opposed to the lines of Figure 1 because it does not include temperature and it is different solutions being digested over time. It can be concluded that the 100% solution was digested the best.ReferencesVarki,A. (1993). Biologicalrolesof oligosaccharidesallof thetheoriesarecorrectAbstract.GlycoBiology.RetrievedDecember20, 2016, fromhttp//glycob.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/2/97.shortSissons, J. (1983). Effectsof soya-beanproductson digestiveprocesses inthegastrointestinaltractof preruminantcalvesAbstract.41(1), 53-53. RetrievedDecember20, 2016, from https//www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society/article/div-classtitleeffects-of-soya-bean-products-on-di gestive-processes-in-the-gastrointestinal-tract-of-preruminant-calvesdiv/829E6E65CF3E213E31E10230E100A3C8.Levin,R.(n.d.). Digestionandabsorptionof carbohydratesfrommoleculesandmembranestohumans.Abstract.ClinicalNutrition.RetrievedDecember20, 2016, fromhttp//ajcn.nutrition.org/content/59/3/690S.shortGureco.HumanDigestiveSystem DigestiveEnzymes andDrinkingColdWaterafterMeal.(2015, June 24). RetrievedDecember20, 2016, fromhttp//hubpages.com/health/Human-Digestive-System-Digestive-Enzymes-and-Drinking-Cold-Water-after-MealWoolnough. 1.W. (2010). The Effect of a Brief Salivary a-Amylase Exposure During Chewing on incidental in Vitro Starch Digestion Curve Profiles. Retrieved December 21. 2016. from http//www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/11/8/2780/htm

Quality Improvement Organizations For The Healthcare Sector Nursing Essay

caliber Improvement Organizations For The wellness care Sector Nursing EssayThe National Healthcare character report released by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) found that wellnesscare look in America is suboptimal and that the receipt of compulsory wellnesscare varies widely (Kneipper, 2009). A report published by the demonstrate of Medicine, To Err is Human, diagnosed the flavor problem in health care caused by people struggling to perform within a system riddle with opportunities for mistakes (Buchbinder and Shanks, 2007). While it is acknowledge that even the most strenuous accreditation programs will neer eliminate all the issues in the facilities and serve being authentic it is in-chief(postnominal) that steps are taken to significantly improve feel and compress put on the line. Pursuing accreditation demonstrates a loading to modify superior in health care. Numerous accrediting bodies exist in the U.S. with each having their own assor ticular theatre of focus. This paper will examine three that are responsible for supervise timber in health care makeups.Joint cathexis, founded in 1951, is a health care accreditation agency known for its high-quality affected role care standards. It develops standards for quality and safety and evaluates performance within healthcare organizations based on these standards. In addition, it strives to enhance the effect that performance measures amaze on improving health outcomes for long-sufferings.The duties of the Joint heraldic bearing are numerous. The Joint Commission assesses organizational meekness through unannounced surveys that include direct observations, cultivation analysis and lag interviews. It accredits and certifies over 18,000 health care organizations and programs in the US. It has identified hundreds of performance standards that salute the highest in quality health care. It publishes quarterly reports that track performance on quality of care meas ures. It issues annual reports as part of its ongoing efforts to underline the health importance of accountability and continuous value.The Joint Commission manages quality by continually reviewing the best designs that optimize patient care. It works with variant subject matter efficients to commit quality measures. Hundreds of performance standards guide health care suppliers in administering care and improving performance. Hospitals are expected to bewilder to standardized processes for quality measurement, reporting and improvement. The Joint Commission requires annual periodic performance reviews. A health organization must conduct a self-assessment ascertaining its compliance with the Joint Commissions standards and submit a report to them. Joint Commission uses this information as part of its Periodic Performance Review.Joint Commissions efforts pass on quality of care. Its annual reports identify the top compliance issues each twelvemonth which include quality standards that were the most difficult for hospitals to meet. Joint Commissions collaborative efforts with clinicians, health care returnrs, hospital associations, performance measurement experts, and health care consumers identify quality measures that reflect the best evidence-based treatments for specific medical conditions. Through this collaboration, a set of standard national measures are created that allow comparisons across health organizations. To second hospitals make a significant tinct on patient outcomes through performance measurement, the Joint Commission introduced an approach placing greater accent on an organizations accountability measures (measures of evidence-based care that yields the greatest the most favorable impact on patient outcomes) and less on non-accountability measures (suitable for secondary use). In 2009 it organise the Center for Transforming Healthcare that works on developing collaborative programs with leadership health care systems to ide ntify causes of breakdowns in patient care. The Joint Commission collaborates with other organizations, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Quality Forum (NQF), to align quality measures with other measurement efforts to ease data collection efforts and promise that the data is gathered and calculated consistently across all organizations.Another organization responsible for monitoring quality is the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) which has accredited programs in five continents. Founded in 1966, CARF accredits in the areas of behavioral health, aging operate, sister and youth services, employment and community services, and medical rehabilitation. Through a informative accreditation process, CARFs attention focuses on enhancing the lives of the people with disabilities. Their consumer-focused standards help organizations measure and improve the quality of the programs and services that achieve optimal outcomes.CARF assists providers and organizations in improving the quality of its services and demonstrating value. It accredits providers for many specific programs and services that support rehabilitative health, with many providers quest CARF accreditation in multiple areas. It publishes standards manuals that correspond to the fields served that relate to health and safety, risk management, and corporate compliance. These nationally and internationally recognized service standards are highly-developed with input of key stakeholders such as professionals, organizations, surveyors, purchasers, and those served. They are reviewed and revised every year at a national and international level to ensure they lay out standards for quality that are current, relevant, and practical.For monitoring quality, a quality improvement political platform that matches the needs of the program or services is a critical part of the accreditation process. Rather than an inspective approach, a surv ey team employs a consultative methodology to conduct an on-site survey to evaluate its services. Once the report information has been reviewed the organization and survey team partner to develop a quality improvement plan to improve the operations and service delivery. An accredited provider participates in reviewing its practices on an annual basis. The organizations leadership sends a signed commitment to CARF affirming that it continues to their standards to guide their organization.To promote the quality of care, every year CARF creates standards that help programs monitor their services, quality, recovery and business. Surveyors are peers in the field with experience in the programs and services that are accredited. They are matched to organizations they survey based on the organizations characteristics and program types. CARF accreditation assures the macrocosm that the provider/organization is committed to improving the quality of services with a focus on service outcomes as well as node satisfaction.A third organization responsible for monitoring quality in medical imaging and radiation oncology is the American College of Radiology (ACR). The ACR is the most recognized medical imaging and radiation oncology accrediting body that began accreditation in 1987. It continually promotes acknowledgement for issues of quality and safety in radiologic procedures. ACR accreditation consists of a self-assessment and an independent external expert audit that assesses personnel qualifications, policies and procedures, equipment specifications, quality assurance activities, patient safety, and the quality of patient care.The ACR is involved in numerous undertakings. It has established over 150 practice guidelines and technical standards to improve how imaging, radiation therapy, and interventional services are delivered. Currently, eight accreditation programs have been established by the ACR and there are plans to add more. Over clx sets of evidence-based guid elines have also been set up to assist referring physicians in reservation the most appropriate imaging or treatment decision.The ACR uses several methods to monitor for quality. Accreditation requires active participation in a physician-peer review program. Radiology exams must be systematically reviewed and evaluated for the appropriateness of the exam as well as for the accuracy of interpretation as part of the overall quality improvement program at that facility. Complications and adverse events must be monitored, analyzed and inform as required. They must also be regularly reviewed to identify opportunities for improving patient care. Imaging facilities must have documented policies and procedures for monitoring and evaluating the effective management, safety, and operation of equipment.ACR accreditation promotes quality of care in several ways. It focuses on factors peculiar to imaging that includes image quality, dose monitoring, phantom testing, equipment evaluation, cali bration and maintenance, and personnel qualifications. The nicety Criteria enhance quality-of-care decisions contribute to the most effective use of radiology help providers address issues of overutilization of radiological care, and in the near future, will provide information on appropriate radiation dose.In conclusion, people hear medical attention to improve their health. The economic pressures of spiraling healthcare be and suboptimal health outcomes are intensifying the search for new approaches to health management. Accreditation helps to ensure that patients will receive adequate and appropriate health care tally to nationally accepted standards and it demonstrates commitment to improving quality in health care.